| Stations: |
Precipitation |
| Leova (156 m, Moldova) |
0.6 mm |
| Kropyvnytskyi (171 m, Ukraine) |
0.5 mm |
| Retie (21 m, Belgium) |
0.7 mm |
| Kryvyi Rih Airport (124 m, Ukraine) |
0.3 mm |
| Capo Spartivento (119 m, Italy) |
0.4 mm |
| Koksijde (9 m, Belgium) |
0.8 mm |
| Palascia (81 m, Italy) |
0.4 mm |
| Kherson (54 m, Ukraine) |
0.3 mm |
| Gjerstad (32 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Bălți (102 m, Moldova) |
0.6 mm |
| Matera (498 m, Italy) |
0.2 mm |
| Trondheim Airport (53 m, Norway) |
2.0 mm |
| Klaipėda (7 m, Lithuania) |
0.2 mm |
| Uman (216 m, Ukraine) |
0.4 mm |
| Losovaya (108 m, Belarus) |
0.3 mm |
| Mont Rigi (673 m, Belgium) |
2.0 mm |
| Gavere (37 m, Belgium) |
0.7 mm |
| Chernivtsi (246 m, Ukraine) |
0.2 mm |
| Sint-Katelijne-Waver (11 m, Belgium) |
1.0 mm |
| Kyrenia (10 m, Cyprus) |
0.5 mm |
| Svenska Högarna (12 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Alesund / Vigra (22 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Humain (296 m, Belgium) |
1.0 mm |
| Svitlovodsk (84 m, Ukraine) |
0.4 mm |
| Chernihiv (141 m, Ukraine) |
0.5 mm |
| Syracuse (3 m, Italy) |
20.0 mm |
| Florennes (299 m, Belgium) |
0.1 mm |
| Elsenborn (570 m, Belgium) |
1.0 mm |
| Hynnekleiv (162 m, Norway) |
5.0 mm |
| Hasvik (10 m, Norway) |
3.0 mm |
| Chièvres (63 m, Belgium) |
0.3 mm |
| Stabroek (6 m, Belgium) |
0.3 mm |
| Sergeyevka (137 m, Belarus) |
0.3 mm |
| SERRALTA DI S. VITO (998 m, Italy) |
0.4 mm |
| Vărăncău (119 m, Moldova) |
0.3 mm |
| Comrat (133 m, Moldova) |
0.3 mm |
| Kloten (284 m, Sweden) |
0.7 mm |
| Oron (829 m, Switzerland) |
0.7 mm |
| Fribourg Posieux (646 m, Switzerland) |
0.7 mm |
| Asker (163 m, Norway) |
9.0 mm |
| Askov (62 m, Denmark) |
0.5 mm |
| Aérodrome d'Auch (128 m, France) |
1.4 mm |
| Aurillac (640 m, France) |
3.8 mm |
| Aurskog (128 m, Norway) |
3.0 mm |
| Auxerre (212 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Aviemore (228 m, UK) |
1.4 mm |
| Asturias/Aviles (130 m, Spain) |
1.0 mm |
| Bacău (190 m, Romania) |
0.2 mm |
| Bad Kissingen Airport (281 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Bad Salzuflen (134 m, Germany) |
0.7 mm |
| Bad Tatzmannsdorf (340 m, Austria) |
0.1 mm |
| Bala (163 m, UK) |
1.4 mm |
| Ballypatrick Fst (156 m, UK) |
2.8 mm |
| Ballyhaise (79 m, Ireland) |
0.7 mm |
| Portglenone (65 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Finner Camp (35 m, Ireland) |
4.0 mm |
| Bamberg (240 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Bardufoss (77 m, Norway) |
9.0 mm |
| Bear Island (16 m, Norway) |
0.4 mm |
| Barentsburg (75 m, Russia) |
0.3 mm |
| Bârlad (173 m, Romania) |
0.6 mm |
| RM Chivenor (6 m, UK) |
3.8 mm |
| Walney (14 m, UK) |
2.0 mm |
| RAF Odiham (118 m, UK) |
5.0 mm |
| Bastia - Poretta Airport (12 m, France) |
21.0 mm |
| Baudran (10 m, France) |
5.0 mm |
| Belmullet (10 m, Ireland) |
0.5 mm |
| Bedford (84 m, UK) |
7.0 mm |
| Beitem (25 m, Belgium) |
0.5 mm |
| Beitostølen (965 m, Norway) |
21.0 mm |
| Orio al Serio Intl. Airport (237 m, Italy) |
16.0 mm |
| Bergen (36 m, Norway) |
31.0 mm |
| Bergerac/Roumanier (51 m, France) |
8.2 mm |
| Bernina (2260 m, Switzerland) |
12.0 mm |
| Beznau (327 m, Switzerland) |
0.2 mm |
| Biarritz/Anglet (71 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Bilbao/Sondica (39 m, Spain) |
6.0 mm |
| Billund Airport (80 m, Denmark) |
0.1 mm |
| Biscarrosse (39 m, France) |
9.0 mm |
| Glasgow Bishopton (59 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Bjorli (579 m, Norway) |
4.0 mm |
| Bjornholt (360 m, Norway) |
15.0 mm |
| Bjuroklubb (43 m, Sweden) |
2.0 mm |
| Blackpool Airport (10 m, UK) |
5.6 mm |
| Aérodrome de Blois (121 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Blomskog (171 m, Sweden) |
2.9 mm |
| Boden Army Air Base (27 m, Sweden) |
16.0 mm |
| Cardinham (199 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| Bodø (13 m, Norway) |
12.9 mm |
| Bogoroditskoe-fenino (226 m, Russia) |
0.3 mm |
| BOLOGNA (53 m, Italy) |
4.0 mm |
| Bologoye (188 m, Russia) |
1.0 mm |
| Boltigen (822 m, Switzerland) |
0.8 mm |
| Bordeaux/Merignac (61 m, France) |
8.2 mm |
| Borovichi (89 m, Russia) |
0.6 mm |
| Borris (25 m, Denmark) |
0.1 mm |
| Bortnan (467 m, Sweden) |
0.6 mm |
| Botoşani (163 m, Romania) |
0.1 mm |
| Bourg-Saint-Maurice (868 m, France) |
1.0 mm |
| Bournemouth (10 m, UK) |
6.0 mm |
| Bousson (1401 m, Italy) |
0.8 mm |
| Andrewsfield Aerodrome (87 m, UK) |
7.0 mm |
| Bramon (18 m, Sweden) |
3.0 mm |
| Brand (1046 m, Austria) |
0.1 mm |
| Brata-slettom (664 m, Norway) |
4.0 mm |
| Bremen Airport (4 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Bremerhaven (7 m, Germany) |
0.9 mm |
| Bremervörde (10 m, Germany) |
0.2 mm |
| Guipavas (99 m, France) |
2.0 mm |
| Briançon (1336 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Bridlington (19 m, UK) |
8.2 mm |
| Brighton City Airport (2 m, UK) |
13.4 mm |
| Brindisi/Casale (10 m, Italy) |
0.2 mm |
| Brive-la-Gaillarde (117 m, France) |
2.8 mm |
| RAF Brize Norton (88 m, UK) |
4.0 mm |
| Buffalora (1970 m, Switzerland) |
4.1 mm |
| Zurich-Kloten (432 m, Switzerland) |
0.9 mm |
| Buldyri (80 m, Russia) |
6.0 mm |
| Buresjon (393 m, Sweden) |
9.0 mm |
| Burgos / Villafria (890 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Buzenol (324 m, Belgium) |
0.1 mm |
| Byglandsfjord/Solbakk (211 m, Norway) |
12.0 mm |
| Cabauw (2 m, Netherlands) |
0.9 mm |
| CABO PENAS (100 m, Spain) |
0.5 mm |
| Cape Vilan (50 m, Spain) |
4.1 mm |
| Caen (67 m, France) |
6.2 mm |
| Cagliari Elmas Airport (5 m, Italy) |
5.0 mm |
| Calvi/St Catherine (58 m, France) |
11.8 mm |
| Camborne (88 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Sennybridge (307 m, UK) |
0.6 mm |
| Machrihanish (10 m, UK) |
0.6 mm |
| Campobasso (793 m, Italy) |
0.4 mm |
| Cañizares (940 m, Spain) |
0.5 mm |
| Cannes (8 m, France) |
58.4 mm |
| Cape Billings (3 m, Russian Feder.) |
1.8 mm |
| Cap Ferret (10 m, France) |
7.0 mm |
| Capo Caccia (204 m, Italy) |
3.4 mm |
| Capo Frasca (95 m, Italy) |
14.0 mm |
| Caracal (107 m, Romania) |
0.2 mm |
| Carcassonne (130 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Cimetta (1661 m, Switzerland) |
3.0 mm |
| Aberporth (134 m, UK) |
10.2 mm |
| Carlisle (27 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Pembrey Burrows (6 m, UK) |
1.0 mm |
| Carpentras (105 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Carrión de los Condes (830 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Carsamba/Samsun (7 m, Turkey) |
0.4 mm |
| Catania/Fontanarosa (17 m, Italy) |
17.0 mm |
| Cazaux (24 m, France) |
7.0 mm |
| Cervera de Pisuerga (140 m, Spain) |
0.8 mm |
| Cervia (10 m, Italy) |
0.3 mm |
| Cevio (421 m, Switzerland) |
6.2 mm |
| Ireland West Airport (209 m, Ireland) |
0.9 mm |
| Charleville-Mézières (148 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Charlwood (58 m, UK) |
19.6 mm |
| Chartres (156 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Chasseral (1599 m, Switzerland) |
0.3 mm |
| Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport (461 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Château-d'Œx (1029 m, Switzerland) |
2.1 mm |
| Châteaudun (127 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Châteauroux (157 m, France) |
1.2 mm |
| Chaumont (1136 m, Switzerland) |
0.6 mm |
| Cherbourg - Maupertus Airport (138 m, France) |
17.2 mm |
| Hawarden (9 m, UK) |
1.0 mm |
| Chiavari (31 m, Italy) |
26.0 mm |
| Chinchilla de Montearagón (880 m, Spain) |
0.1 mm |
| Chojnice (172 m, Poland) |
0.1 mm |
| St James's Park (5 m, UK) |
16.2 mm |
| Claremorris (71 m, Ireland) |
2.0 mm |
| Clermont/Aulnat (330 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Cognac - Châteaubernard Air Base (31 m, France) |
2.0 mm |
| Rhyl (77 m, UK) |
3.0 mm |
| Comprovasco (575 m, Switzerland) |
2.1 mm |
| Lough Fea (225 m, UK) |
2.0 mm |
| Cork Airport (162 m, Ireland) |
6.0 mm |
| Piz Corvatsch (3299 m, Switzerland) |
8.0 mm |
| Cotnari (290 m, Romania) |
0.6 mm |
| Cozzo Spadaro (51 m, Italy) |
76.0 mm |
| Crans-Montana (1424 m, Switzerland) |
0.6 mm |
| Creil (88 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Cressier (431 m, Switzerland) |
0.2 mm |
| Weybourne (20 m, UK) |
3.2 mm |
| Kenley (170 m, UK) |
14.0 mm |
| Cuovdatmakki (286 m, Norway) |
10.0 mm |
| Cuxhaven (5 m, Germany) |
0.3 mm |
| Daglosen (133 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Plymouth MtBatten (50 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| Davos (1594 m, Switzerland) |
1.0 mm |
| Dax (33 m, France) |
4.0 mm |
| Deauville-Saint-Gatien AP (146 m, France) |
2.0 mm |
| Decimomannu (28 m, Italy) |
0.4 mm |
| Delémont (439 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Delsbo (72 m, Sweden) |
0.6 mm |
| De Kooy Airfield (2 m, Netherlands) |
3.0 mm |
| Dieppe (38 m, France) |
2.0 mm |
| Dinard/Pleurtuit (59 m, France) |
13.2 mm |
| Disentis/Sedrun (1198 m, Switzerland) |
0.6 mm |
| Dividalen II (204 m, Norway) |
2.1 mm |
| Doksany (160 m, Czech Republic) |
0.1 mm |
| Dombås (638 m, Norway) |
4.0 mm |
| Drammen Berskog (8 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Dravagen (566 m, Sweden) |
0.6 mm |
| Drevsjø (674 m, Norway) |
5.3 mm |
| Dublin Airport (85 m, Ireland) |
1.0 mm |
| Dunkirk (17 m, France) |
2.2 mm |
| Dyranut Automated (1250 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Herstmonceux (52 m, UK) |
2.0 mm |
| Ebnat-Kappel (635 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Edsbyn (185 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Eibergen (29 m, Netherlands) |
0.2 mm |
| Eik Hove (66 m, Norway) |
22.0 mm |
| Ummendorf (162 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Eisenach (312 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Elbląg (43 m, Poland) |
0.1 mm |
| Kinloss (5 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Elgoibar (120 m, Spain) |
6.0 mm |
| Embrun (876 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Emden Airport (1 m, Germany) |
0.2 mm |
| Emley Moor transmitting station (207 m, UK) |
2.2 mm |
| Engelberg (1039 m, Switzerland) |
2.0 mm |
| Enna (965 m, Italy) |
20.0 mm |
| Enontekio Nakkala (377 m, Finland) |
4.0 mm |
| Twente (35 m, Netherlands) |
0.3 mm |
| Erfurt- Weimar Airport (316 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Eskdalemuir (236 m, UK) |
0.8 mm |
| Evanger (17 m, Norway) |
7.0 mm |
| Evionnaz (482 m, Switzerland) |
0.8 mm |
| Evolène (1825 m, Switzerland) |
1.2 mm |
| Exeter Airport No. (27 m, UK) |
0.4 mm |
| Liscombe (347 m, UK) |
1.4 mm |
| Fair Isle (57 m, UK) |
0.4 mm |
| Făleşti (162 m, North Macedonia) |
0.2 mm |
| RNAS Culdrose (84 m, UK) |
1.0 mm |
| Farnborough (64 m, UK) |
5.0 mm |
| Tórshavn (61 m, Denmark) |
5.0 mm |
| Lista Lighthouse (14 m, Norway) |
16.0 mm |
| Feldkirch (436 m, Austria) |
0.1 mm |
| Ferrara (11 m, Italy) |
1.2 mm |
| Ferrara (10 m, Italy) |
0.5 mm |
| Fet I Eidfjord (735 m, Norway) |
15.0 mm |
| Figari (23 m, France) |
10.0 mm |
| Figueras Castropol (40 m, Spain) |
0.1 mm |
| Filefjell (955 m, Norway) |
5.0 mm |
| Finse (1208 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Firence (43 m, Italy) |
8.0 mm |
| Fister_sigmundstad (25 m, Norway) |
35.0 mm |
| Fjaerland Bremuseet (3 m, Norway) |
11.0 mm |
| Glücksburg/Meierwik (27 m, Germany) |
0.2 mm |
| Flisa Ii (186 m, Norway) |
2.4 mm |
| Florence/Peretola (38 m, Italy) |
9.0 mm |
| Flores (29 m, Portugal) |
1.3 mm |
| Focşani (58 m, Romania) |
0.8 mm |
| Fokstua Ii (974 m, Norway) |
3.0 mm |
| Föllinge (362 m, Sweden) |
8.0 mm |
| Fossmark (10 m, Norway) |
42.0 mm |
| Fredrika (327 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Frosinone (185 m, Italy) |
1.0 mm |
| Frosta (70 m, Norway) |
2.0 mm |
| Furuneset (7 m, Norway) |
23.0 mm |
| Gäddede (555 m, Sweden) |
4.0 mm |
| Scampton (62 m, UK) |
7.0 mm |
| Galați (71 m, Romania) |
0.5 mm |
| Gällivare (360 m, Sweden) |
6.0 mm |
| Galtür (1584 m, Austria) |
0.2 mm |
| Galzig (2090 m, Austria) |
1.0 mm |
| Oslo Airport (208 m, Norway) |
7.0 mm |
| Gartland (95 m, Norway) |
2.1 mm |
| Gävle (5 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Gedser Odde (5 m, Denmark) |
0.4 mm |
| Geilo-oldebraten (773 m, Norway) |
15.0 mm |
| Gela (65 m, Italy) |
33.0 mm |
| Genova/Sestri (3 m, Italy) |
10.0 mm |
| Ghedi Air Base (97 m, Italy) |
12.2 mm |
| Gielas (577 m, Sweden) |
6.5 mm |
| Giovi Pass (475 m, Italy) |
15.0 mm |
| Giswil (475 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Glarus (470 m, Switzerland) |
0.3 mm |
| Gotska Sandön (17 m, Sweden) |
4.0 mm |
| Gottfrieding (350 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Gourdon (261 m, France) |
5.0 mm |
| Grächen (1619 m, Switzerland) |
0.2 mm |
| Graciosa Aerodrome (31 m, Portugal) |
22.0 mm |
| Grenonble Lvd Airport (220 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Grimsel-Hospiz (1965 m, Switzerland) |
1.3 mm |
| Grivita (51 m, Romania) |
0.3 mm |
| Groningen-Eelde (4 m, Netherlands) |
0.9 mm |
| Grono (324 m, Switzerland) |
4.0 mm |
| Grosseto (7 m, Italy) |
26.0 mm |
| Grotli Iii (872 m, Norway) |
4.1 mm |
| Guadalajara (640 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Guernsey Airport (101 m, UK) |
6.4 mm |
| Guidonia Montecelio (89 m, Italy) |
13.0 mm |
| Gulsvik (160 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Gunnarn (277 m, Sweden) |
10.2 mm |
| Gurgl (1937 m, Austria) |
0.2 mm |
| Gurteen (76 m, Ireland) |
2.0 mm |
| Gustavsfors (188 m, Sweden) |
1.2 mm |
| Gvarv (93 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Hagshult (169 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Hailuoto (7 m, Finland) |
6.0 mm |
| Hallhaxasen (376 m, Sweden) |
9.0 mm |
| Hamar (132 m, Norway) |
1.4 mm |
| Hamar Airport (222 m, Norway) |
2.5 mm |
| Hammerfest (81 m, Norway) |
0.7 mm |
| Hamra (455 m, Sweden) |
0.3 mm |
| Hanö (60 m, Sweden) |
0.3 mm |
| Haparanda (15 m, Sweden) |
15.0 mm |
| Rothamsted Park (128 m, UK) |
9.0 mm |
| Harsfjarden (3 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Harstad (45 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Loftus Samos (159 m, UK) |
1.4 mm |
| Haukelisaeter Broyt (990 m, Norway) |
36.0 mm |
| Elpersbüttel (3 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Heino (5 m, Netherlands) |
0.1 mm |
| Helgoland/Düne (4 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Helsingborg (44 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Hemling (183 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Herwijnen (1 m, Netherlands) |
0.9 mm |
| High Wycombe (205 m, UK) |
7.0 mm |
| Hitra (13 m, Norway) |
1.1 mm |
| Hjartasen (251 m, Norway) |
10.0 mm |
| Hjerkinn (1012 m, Norway) |
0.8 mm |
| Hoburg (36 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Hook of Holland (14 m, Netherlands) |
0.9 mm |
| Hoherodskopf (743 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Holbeach Air Weapons Range (2 m, UK) |
9.2 mm |
| Holmöarna (7 m, Sweden) |
2.0 mm |
| Valley (10 m, UK) |
2.8 mm |
| San Sebastian / Fuenterrabia (8 m, Spain) |
3.0 mm |
| Hønefoss (140 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Berkhout (Netherlands) |
0.8 mm |
| Hopen (10 m, Norway) |
1.0 mm |
| Hörnli (1124 m, Switzerland) |
1.0 mm |
| Horta (62 m, Portugal) |
27.0 mm |
| Hospental (1438 m, Switzerland) |
0.4 mm |
| Hoting (241 m, Sweden) |
7.0 mm |
| Hovden-lundane (836 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Hoydalsmo Ii (562 m, Norway) |
22.0 mm |
| Hunge (343 m, Sweden) |
0.5 mm |
| Iaşi (104 m, Romania) |
0.1 mm |
| Idalpe (2319 m, Austria) |
0.8 mm |
| Groix (54 m, France) |
3.4 mm |
| Ilomantsi Mekrijarvi (157 m, Finland) |
1.1 mm |
| Ilundain (572 m, Spain) |
0.8 mm |
| Inari Kirakkajarvi (106 m, Finland) |
3.0 mm |
| Edinburgh Gogarbank (57 m, UK) |
0.4 mm |
| Interlaken (577 m, Switzerland) |
0.6 mm |
| Wattisham Airport (89 m, UK) |
11.0 mm |
| Irurita (183 m, Spain) |
6.1 mm |
| Izium (78 m, Ukraine) |
0.6 mm |
| Isle of Man Airport (16 m, UK) |
0.8 mm |
| Isle of Portland (52 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| St. Catherine's Point (24 m, UK) |
8.2 mm |
| Itzehoe (21 m, Germany) |
0.4 mm |
| Jan Mayen (9 m, Norway) |
0.4 mm |
| Jarnasklubb (7 m, Sweden) |
0.8 mm |
| Jaslovské Bohunice (178 m, Slovakia) |
0.5 mm |
| Jersey Airport (84 m, UK) |
8.0 mm |
| Joensuu (119 m, Finland) |
0.7 mm |
| Johnstown Castle (53 m, Ireland) |
2.8 mm |
| Jokkmokk (275 m, Sweden) |
7.0 mm |
| Jomala (14 m, Finland) |
0.1 mm |
| Junsele (221 m, Sweden) |
5.0 mm |
| Juuka (116 m, Finland) |
3.0 mm |
| Juupajoki (153 m, Finland) |
0.1 mm |
| Kaamanen (156 m, Finland) |
8.0 mm |
| Marash (433 m, Turkey) |
1.0 mm |
| Kajaani (162 m, Finland) |
4.0 mm |
| Kalevala (120 m, Russia) |
7.0 mm |
| Kandalaksha (25 m, Russia) |
5.0 mm |
| Kankaanpää (122 m, Finland) |
0.1 mm |
| Karasjok (129 m, Norway) |
13.0 mm |
| Karavas (120 m, Turkey) |
5.0 mm |
| Karesuando (332 m, Sweden) |
7.0 mm |
| Kashin (138 m, Russia) |
1.3 mm |
| Kashkarantsy (4 m, Russia) |
4.0 mm |
| Kaskinen (5 m, Finland) |
0.4 mm |
| Katterjåkk (516 m, Sweden) |
6.0 mm |
| Kauhajoki (95 m, Finland) |
0.1 mm |
| Kauhava (44 m, Finland) |
1.0 mm |
| Kautokeino (307 m, Norway) |
9.0 mm |
| Kegnæs (19 m, Denmark) |
0.2 mm |
| Bingley (262 m, UK) |
4.0 mm |
North - South